The Effects of Selective Harvest on Japanese Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) Phenotypic Evolution

Japanese Spanish mackerel ( Scomberomorus niphonius ) is an important fish species in the China Seas with wide distribution, extensive migration, and high economic value. This has been yielding fisheries production despite experiencing continuously fishing pressure conversion from gillnet to trawl harvesting. Meanwhile, changes life-history traits have observed, including earlier maturation smaller size at age. Here, we build individual-based eco-genetic model parameterized for investigate population’s response different scenarios (fishing by or gillnet). The allows evolution of processes maturation, reproduction growth. It also incorporates environmental variability, phenotypic plasticity, density-dependent feedbacks. Our results show that gear types can result responses altered population dynamics. harvested shows weaker than trawl. When ceases, gillnet-harvested recover pre-harvest level more easily growth rate gears demonstrated this study shed light on sustainable management utilization over-exploited Seas.